Lesson 3 – To be, Jobs and nationalities
To be, Jobs and nationalities
🟨 Introducción
En esta lección aprenderás a:
Usar el verbo to be (ser o estar) en oraciones afirmativas, negativas y preguntas.
Describir a otras personas usando profesiones y nacionalidades.
Identificar cómo se forman las contracciones del verbo to be.
Comprender cuándo usar am, is, y are correctamente.
Todo lo que aprenderás aquí te ayudará a hablar sobre quién eres, qué haces y de dónde eres en inglés.
🟨 1. Explanation
El verbo to be significa ser o estar.
Se usa para hablar de quién eres, cómo te sientes o dónde estás.
Su forma cambia según el pronombre que lo acompaña:
| Pronombre | Verbo to be | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am a student. |
| He / She / It | is | He is my friend. |
| You / We / They | are | You are happy. |
🔊 Listen and repeat:
I am a student – He is my friend – You are happy
🔹 Contractions
En inglés se usan mucho las formas cortas o contracciones.
Por ejemplo:
| Forma completa | Contracción | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| I am | I’m | I’m a teacher. |
| You are | You’re | You’re a student. |
| He is | He’s | He’s from Mexico. |
| She is | She’s | She’s a nurse. |
| It is | It’s | It’s a dog. |
| We are | We’re | We’re friends. |
| They are | They’re | They’re happy. |
🔊 Listen and repeat:
🟨 Examples (Affirmative Form)
1️⃣ I am Victor. I am a student.
(Yo soy Víctor. Soy estudiante.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
I am Victor – I am a student
2️⃣ You are Victor. You are a student.
(Tú eres Víctor. Eres estudiante.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
You are Victor – You are a student
3️⃣ He is David. He is a student.
(Él es David. Es estudiante.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
He is David – He is a student
4️⃣ She is Maria. She is a student.
(Ella es María. Es estudiante.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
She is Maria – She is a student
5️⃣ It is a balloon. It is red.
(Es un globo. Es rojo.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
It is a balloon – It is red
6️⃣ It is a dog. It is happy.
(Es un perro. Ella está feliz.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
It is a dog – She is happy
7️⃣ We are students. We are friends.
(Nosotros somos estudiantes. Somos amigos.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
We are students – We are friends
8️⃣ You are students. You are in class.
(Ustedes son estudiantes. Están en clase.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
You are students – You are in class
9️⃣ They are students. They are happy.
(Ellos son estudiantes. Están felices.)
🔊 Escucha y repite:
They are students – They are happy
🟨 Negative Form
Usamos la forma negativa del verbo to be para decir que algo no es o no está.
Para negar, añadimos la palabra not después del verbo.
Por ejemplo:
I am not a teacher.
She is not tired.
They are not from here.
También podemos usar contracciones negativas, que son muy comunes al hablar.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| I’m not (I am not) | We aren’t (We are not) |
| You aren’t (You are not) | You aren’t (You are not) |
| He isn’t (He is not) | They aren’t (They are not) |
| She isn’t (She is not) | |
| It isn’t (It is not) |
🔊 Listen and repeat:
I’m not – You aren’t – He isn’t – She isn’t – It isn’t – We aren’t – They aren’t
🟨 Examples (Negative Form)
1️⃣ I’m not a teacher.
(Yo no soy profesor.)
2️⃣ He isn’t a doctor.
(Él no es doctor.)
3️⃣ She isn’t tired.
(Ella no está cansada.)
4️⃣ It isn’t a phone.
(No es un teléfono.)
5️⃣ We aren’t teachers. We’re students.
(Nosotros no somos profesores. Somos estudiantes.)
6️⃣ You aren’t late. You’re early.
(Tú no llegaste tarde. Llegaste temprano.)
7️⃣ They aren’t from here. They’re tourists.
(Ellos no son de aquí. Son turistas.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
I’m not a teacher – He isn’t a doctor – She isn’t tired – It isn’t a phone – We aren’t teachers – You aren’t late – They aren’t from here
🟨 Question Form
Para hacer una pregunta con el verbo to be, solo tienes que cambiar el orden:
el verbo va antes del sujeto.
Por ejemplo:
En lugar de decir: You are a student.
di: Are you a student?En lugar de decir: He is from Brazil.
di: Is he from Brazil?
➡️ Estructura básica:
To be + sujeto + complemento + ?
| Question | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Are you a student? | Yes, I am. | No, I’m not. |
| Is she a teacher? | Yes, she is. | No, she isn’t. |
| Are they from Canada? | Yes, they are. | No, they aren’t. |
| Is it a balloon? | Yes, it is. | No, it isn’t. |
➡️ Traducción:
¿Eres estudiante? – Sí, lo soy. / No, no lo soy.
¿Es ella profesora? – Sí, lo es. / No, no lo es.
¿Son ellos de Canadá? – Sí, lo son. / No, no lo son.
¿Es un globo? – Sí, lo es. / No, no lo es.
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Are you a student? – Is she a teacher? – Are they from Canada? – Is it a balloon?
🟨 Countries and Nationalities
En esta parte aprenderás a preguntar y responder sobre países y nacionalidades.
Usamos la pregunta “Where is he/she from?” (¿De dónde es él/ella?)
y respondemos con:
He/She is from + país.
He/She is + nacionalidad.
🌏 Examples
1️⃣ Where is she from?
She is from China.
She is Chinese.
(Ella es de China. Ella es china.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is she from? – She is from China – She is Chinese
2️⃣ Where is he from?
He is from France.
He is French.
(Él es de Francia. Él es francés.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is he from? – He is from France – He is French
3️⃣ Where is she from?
She is from Russia.
She is Russian.
(Ella es de Rusia. Ella es rusa.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is she from? – She is from Russia – She is Russian
4️⃣ Where is he from?
He is from the United States (USA).
He is American.
(Él es de Estados Unidos. Él es estadounidense.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is he from? – He is from the United States – He is American
5️⃣ Where is she from?
She is from Spain.
She is Spanish.
(Ella es de España. Ella es española.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is she from? – She is from Spain – She is Spanish
6️⃣ Where is she from?
She is from India.
She is Indian.
(Ella es de India. Ella es india.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is she from? – She is from India – She is Indian
7️⃣ Where is he from?
He is from Brazil.
He is Brazilian.
(Él es de Brasil. Él es brasileño.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is he from? – He is from Brazil – He is Brazilian
8️⃣ Where is she from?
She is from Germany.
She is German.
(Ella es de Alemania. Ella es alemana.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is she from? – She is from Germany – She is German
9️⃣ Where is he from?
He is from the United Kingdom (the UK).
He is British.
(Él es del Reino Unido. Él es británico.)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Where is he from? – He is from the United Kingdom – He is British
🟨 How to Answer Yes/No Questions
Objetivo: Responder de forma corta y correcta a preguntas de Yes/No con el verbo to be.
✅ Pasos simples
Step 1: Look at the question
Identifica el sujeto y la forma del verbo to be (am / is / are).
Ejemplo: Are you a student?
Step 2: Choose Yes or No
Decide si la respuesta es Yes o No.
Step 3: Use the same subject and the verb
Responde con respuesta corta usando el mismo sujeto y la misma forma del verbo.
Ejemplo:
Are you a student? → Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
🔊 Listen and repeat:
Are you a student? – Yes, I am – No, I’m not
🟢 If the answer is YES
| Question | Short answer |
|---|---|
| Are you a student? | Yes, I am. |
| Is he from India? | Yes, he is. |
| Is she a teacher? | Yes, she is. |
| Are they from Mexico? | Yes, they are. |
Is it a balloon? | Yes, it is. |
Listen and repeat:
Yes, I am – Yes, he is – Yes, she is – Yes, they are – Yes, it is
🔴 If the answer is NO
| Question | Short answer |
|---|---|
| Are you a student? | No, I’m not. |
| Is he from India? | No, he isn’t. |
| Is she a teacher? | No, she isn’t. |
| Are they from Mexico? | No, they aren’t. |
| Is it a balloon? | No, it isn’t. |
🔊 Listen and repeat:
No, I’m not – No, he isn’t – No, she isn’t – No, they aren’t – No, it isn’t
What do you do? (Jobs)
Significado y uso:
What do you do? se usa para preguntar a qué te dedicas (tu ocupación/trabajo).
Pasos simples
Step 1: Ask the question
What do you do?
(Esto significa: ¿Cuál es tu trabajo? / ¿A qué te dedicas?)
Step 2: Responde usando “I am…” / “I’m a/an …”
Usa to be + a/an + job.
I’m a teacher.
I’m a student.
I’m a doctor.
Regla rápida de a/an:
a antes de sonido de consonante: a teacher, a doctor, a nurse (← cuidado: suena consonante /n/).
an antes de sonido de vocal: an engineer, an actor.
Listen and repeat:
What do you do? – I’m a teacher – I’m a student – I’m a doctor
Other pronouns – Questions and Answers
Cuando preguntas por otra persona, cambias a does y respondes con He’s/She’s…
Para cosas/animales, puedes usar It.
I → What do you do? → I’m a teacher.
You → What do you do? (si la persona responde sobre sí misma) → I’m a student.
He → What does he do? → He’s a driver.
She → What does she do? → She’s a nurse.
It → What does it do? (cosas/animales) → It’s a robot. It helps people.
We → What do you do? (hablando a un grupo) → We’re students.
They → What do they do? → They’re doctors.
🔊 Listen and repeat:
What do you do? – I’m a teacher – What does he do? – He’s a driver – What does she do? – She’s a nurse – What does it do? – It’s a robot. It helps people. – What do they do? – They’re doctors
🧠 Mini grammar tips (clarito)
Pregunta con YOU/WE/THEY/I: What do + subject + do?
Pregunta con HE/SHE/IT: What does + subject + do?
Respuesta corta y natural con to be: He’s/She’s/They’re… (también es válido “He works as…”, pero en este nivel usamos to be).
Ortografía: los jobs en inglés van en minúscula: teacher, doctor, engineer.
Asking about jobs (Professions)
🔊 Listen and repeat:
| English | Español |
|---|---|
| Police officer | Policía |
| Soccer player | Futbolista |
| Actor / Actress | Actor / Actriz |
| Waiter | Camarero / Mesero |
| Doctor | Doctor / Médico |
| Nurse | Enfermera / Enfermero |
| Teacher | Profesor / Maestra |
| Mechanic | Mecánico |
| Factory worker | Obrero / Trabajador de fábrica |
| Secretary | Secretaria |
Este video te ayuda a reforzar el verbo to be.